中国新发现外来入侵害虫——南美番茄潜叶蛾(鳞翅目:麦蛾科)

2017年8月,在新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州露地鲜食番茄上发现一种鳞翅目害虫,以幼虫潜食叶肉、蛀食果实,经鉴定为南美番茄潜叶蛾。该害虫原产南美洲的秘鲁,2006年入侵欧洲的西班牙,截至2017年5月,已在南美洲、欧洲、非洲、中美洲和亚洲的80多个国家和地区发生,严重危害鲜食番茄、加工番茄和樱桃番茄/圣女果,产量损失最高可达80%～100%。本文提供了南美番茄潜叶蛾的危害情况及主要形态鉴定特征,提出了防范其进一步扩散危害的措施建议以及今后应开展的主要研究方向,包括植物检疫、发生分布调查、生物学生态学特性研究、天敌资源挖掘利用等,以为积极应对南美番茄潜叶蛾对我国农业生产安全的威胁提供参考。

The arrival of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in China

In August 2017, during field surveillance in Yili, Xinjiang, China, we found an infestation of lepidopteran larvae on field-grown tomato plants. The plants displayed serious infestation, mined leaves and attacked fruits. This lepidopteran was identified as Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a species native to South America. This species had been introduced to Spain in 2006. By May of 2017, it has appeared in more than 80 countries in South America, Europe, Africa, Central America and Asia and has caused serious damage to tomato production world-wide. The maximum yield losses caused by this species can reach 80%-100%. It is the first record of T. absoluta in China. In this paper, the morphological characteristics of T. absoluta and its damage is described. In order to prevent further spread of this new invasive insect pest in China, prevention measures, including plant quarantine, nation wide investigation of its distribution, studies of its biological and ecological performance, natural enemies and their control efficacy, detection and monitoring techniques, are proposed. The information provided in this paper should be useful in facing up to the pressures from the South American tomato leafminer on the safety of Chinese agriculture.