耐药菌在人-动物-环境中的传播和遗传机制

我国细菌耐药现象十分普遍,多重耐药甚至泛耐药的菌株不断出现,给公共卫生和食品安全造成了重大威胁。随着人类活动以及农业畜牧业的发展,在物理和生物作用力之下,医疗行业和养殖业对环境产生了很大的负面影响,导致养殖动物及其相关环境中存在大量的耐药基因/耐药细菌。医疗行业、动物养殖、自然环境三者在耐药菌的传播和发展中是相互影响、互相作用的有机整体,耐药基因可以借助基因水平转移等方式在人、动物和环境中循环传播,增加了人类摄入耐药基因的风险。面对此类公共卫生问题,传统单一化的卫生工作系统已很难有效地解决这类挑战,急需多学科、多领域的合作来共同应对。文中对我国临床、动物和环境中的细菌耐药现状以及耐药菌在其中的传播和遗传机制进行了综述,以期为细菌耐药研究提供参考。

Transmission and genetic mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria in multi-sectors

Bacterial resistance is very common in China, multi-drug and even pan-resistant strains continue to emerge, posing a major threat to public health and food safety. Along with the development of human activities and animal husbandry, the medical industry and aquaculture have resulted in a large number of drug resistance/resistant bacteria in farmed animals and their related environments. The medical industry, animal breeding, and the natural environment are mutually interacting with each other in the spread and development of drug-resistant bacteria. Drug-resistant genes can be circulated in humans, animals and the environment by means of gene level transfer, increasing the risk of humans taking resistance genes. Faced with such public health problems, traditional singular health work systems are unable to effectively solve such challenges, and multi-disciplinary cooperation is urgently needed. In this paper, bacterial resistance in clinical, animal and environment of China and the transmission and genetic mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria are reviewed to provide reference for bacterial resistance research.