广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的民族植物学知识

瑶族是一个拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的民族,红瑶是其中一个分支,因妇女服饰上的花纹图案以大红色为主而得名,其生活习俗饱含民族特色,对植物尤其是药用植物的利用方式,与其他民族不同。该研究采用经典的民族植物学理论和方法,访问调查了广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物种类,根据植物拉丁名、中文名、当地名、用途、用法及药用部位,对其进行民族植物学编目,并与《中国药典》作了比较。结果表明:共记录到药用植物95种,隶属于57科83属,其中蔷薇科、百合科种类最多,分别含有7种,显示龙胜红瑶传统药用植物资源的多样性;全株入药的植物种类41种,占总数的43.16%;根入药的种类为23种,占总数的24.21%;叶入药的种类为13种,占总数的13.68%。药用植物的药用部位以全株、根及叶为主;治疗风湿类疾病的药物比重最大,为23.47%,推测与其生活的环境有关;与《中国药典》比较,发现71种植物未被其收录,另有17种虽被收录但主治功效不同,有7种被收录且主治功效大致相同,为新型中药的研发提供了借鉴。同时,还探讨了龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的药用价值、资源现状及文化传承的问题。

Ethnobotany knowledge of traditional medicinal plants among Hong-Yao in Longsheng, Guangxi

Yao nationality has a long history and splendid culture, which is distributed in provinces and regions such as Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan Provinces. Hong-Yao is a branch of the Yao nationality, named for many bright red patterns on women clothing. Its distinctive natural cognition enriches our traditional cultural knowledge base. Their living customs are full of national characteristics, and their use of plants, especially medicinal plants, is different from those of other nationalities. An classical ethnobotanical investigation on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants was implemented among Hong-Yao communities in Longsheng, Guangxi. The inventory was given based on their scientific name, Chinese name, local name, usage and using parts. And traditional medicinal plants were compared with that in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that a total of 95 medicinal plant species belonging to 83 genera and 57 families are recorded. Rosaceae and Liliaceae are the most species, which contain seven species respectively. That reveals the diversity of traditional medicinal plants. There are 41 plants belong to the whole herb medicine, accounting for 43.16% of the total. Twenty-three species are the root medicine, accounting for 24.21% of the total, and 13 plants are leaf medicine, accounting for 13.68%. Part used is given priority to with whole plants and roots. Rheumatic drugs are the largest proportion, up to 23.47%. This may be related to their living environment. Compared with Chinese Pharmacopoeia, there are 71 plant species which not be included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and 17 species are included but have different effects, seven species are included and have similar effects. This provides a reference for the research and development of new Chinese Medicine. The discussion on medicinal value, resource situation and cultural heritage about traditional medicinal plants is shown at the end.