Comparative characterization of endo-polygalacturonase (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pgu1</Emphasis>) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces paradoxus</Emphasis> under winemaking conditions |
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Authors: | Alexis Eschstruth Benoit Divol |
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Institution: | 1.Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie de l′Eau-UMR 6008 CNRS, IBMIG-UFR Sciences fondamentales et Appliquées,Université de Poitiers,Poitiers Cedex,France;2.Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface CNRS, UMR CNRS 7197,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-UPMC Paris 6,Paris Cedex 05,France |
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Abstract: | A peptide antibiotic, gramicidin A, was covalently bound to cystamine self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces. Each step
of the surface functionalization was characterized by polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the anchored gramicidin was tested against three Gram-positive
bacteria (Listeria ivanovii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus), the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. The results revealed that the adsorbed gramicidin reduced, from 60% for E. coli to 90% for C. albicans, the number of culturable microorganisms attached to the surface. The activity was proven to be persistent overtime, up to
6 months after the first use. The bacteria attached to the functionalized surfaces were permeabilized as shown by confocal
microscopy. Taken together, these results indicate a bacteriostatic mode of action of the immobilized peptide. Finally, using
green fluorescent protein-expressing bacteria, it was shown that the development of a bacterial biofilm was delayed on peptide-grafted
surfaces for at least 24 h. |
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