几个优良籼稻亲本品质性状的配合力和杂种优势分析

以3个不育系和10个恢复系为材料，采用NCII交配设计研究10个米质性状的配合力和杂种优势。结果表明：①大多数品质性状的量值介于双亲之间，除粒重表现一定的超亲优势、垩白度和粒宽表现一定的正向平均优势外，其他品质性状优势不明显。②杂种稻米的品质性状主要受不育系或恢复系的影响，其中粒长、粒宽和直链淀粉含量3个性状，不育系的影响要高于恢复系；而对于整精米率、粒重、垩白率、垩白度和糊化温度，则恢复系的影响要高于不育系。③就优质育种的利用价值而言，不育系以广占63-4S为好，恢复系以扬稻6号为好，R527、镇恢084次之，用上述亲本选配的杂交组合米质较好；恢复系特青、盐恢559表现为一般配合力效应低，特殊配合力方差小，优质育种利用价值不大。

Combining Ability and Heterosis Analysis for Rice Quality Traits in Some Elite Parents

Thirty hybrids and their 13 parents (3 male sterile lines and 10 restorer lines) were studied on the combining ability and heterosis for rice quality. The results showed that:(i) Most quality traits of rice hybrids had the measurements between their parents and no significant heterosis except the grain weight showed the over-high-parent heterosis, grain chalkiness had positive average heterosis. (ii) Male sterile lines and restorer lines had a great effect on the hybrid rice quality. Grain length, grain width and amylose content heavily depended on the male sterile lines, but head rice rate, grain weight, chalky grain rate, grain chalkiness and alkali spreading value greatly depended on the restorer lines than the male sterile lines. (iii) Parents Guangzhan 63-4S, Yangdao 6, R527 and Zhenhui 084 had good GCA and SCA,and can be widely used for new quality hybrids breeding. Teqing and Yanghui 559 had the low GCA and SCA and less significance for rice quality breeding.