Co-recycling of MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP through the trans-Golgi network. Identification of DKV582 as a recycling signal

Members of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) have been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes from normal development to tumor growth. Tethered on plasma membrane, these enzymes are potentially regulated by the trafficking machinery of the cells. Here we demonstrate that both MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP are internalized, transported to the trans-Golgi network through early endosomes, and recycled back to cell surface in 60 min in a manner distinct from the one employed by transferrin receptor. Interestingly, co-expressed MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP are localized and routed in the same vesicles throughout the trafficking process. We further demonstrated that the carboxyl-terminal sequence DKV(582) of MT1-MMP is required for its recycling, thus defining a novel recycling motif. These results suggest that MT-MMPs may coordinate their proteolytic activities through the cellular trafficking machinery.