Improving water quality in polluated drains with free water surface constructed wetlands |
| |
| Authors: | Mahmoud A. El-Sheikh Hazem I. Saleh Diaa E. El-Quosy Abdallah A. Mahmoud |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Menoufiya University, Shebeen Elkom, Egypt;2. Lake Manzala Engineering Wetland, Ismailia, Egypt;3. Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt;1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland;1. Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;1. Post-graduation Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of ABC, CTA/UFABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001 - Bangú, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil;2. Post-graduation Program in Space Science and Technology, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, DCTA/ITA, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50 - Vila das Acacias, São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil;3. Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001 - Bangú, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil;4. Head (Applied Ecology), Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;1. National Research Center, Water Pollution Research Department, P. Box 12622, Dokki, Gizza, Egypt;2. University Consortium for Industrial & Managerial Economics (CUIEM), Italy |
| |
| Abstract: | In Egypt, disposing of partially treated or untreated domestic and industrial wastewater into agricultural drains deteriorates their water quality. A growing interest in effective low-cost treatment of polluted water and wastewater has resulted in many studies on constructed wetlands.This study evaluates free water surface constructed wetlands (by far the largest application project is named “Lake Manzala Engineered Wetland [Egypt]”) utilized to improve the water quality in Bahr El Baqar drain, which is located at the northeastern edge of the Nile Delta. This drain discharges its water into Manzala Lake, which in turn has many fishing activities and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea. The full capacity of the constructed wetland system is 25,000 m3/day. Three various flow rate wetlands were investigated; five wetland beds of high flow rate of 0.344 m3/m2-day, five wetland beds of low flow rate of 0.048 m3/m2-day and reciprocated cells of flow of 500 m3/day.The concentrations of different contaminants along the constructed wetlands system were measured to determine the treatment efficiency. The effluent was compared with the Egyptian standards of water quality in agricultural drains (Law 48/1982). Due to the high percentage of the agricultural water drain, the concentrations of contaminants in the influent were relatively low. The percentages of removal for the different contaminants were BOD5: 52%, COD: 50%, TSS: 87%, TDS: 32%, NH4-N: 66%, PO4: 52%, Fe: 51%, Cu: 36%, Zn: 47% and Pb: 52%. The natural vegetation considerably increased the value of dissolved oxygen in the treated effluent. There were little differences in the removal efficiency between the high and low flow rates beds in the system. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
