An integrated model for assessing the risk of TCE groundwater contamination to human receptors and surface water ecosystems |
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| Authors: | Ursula S. McKnight Simon G. Funder Jes J. Rasmussen Michael Finkel Philip J. Binning Poul L. Bjerg |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, University of Tehran, Karaj 31585-3314, Iran;2. Department of Watershed Management, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 737, Sari, Iran;3. Young Researchers and Elites Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran;4. School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK;5. School of Systems, Management, and Leadership, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;6. Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Choongmu-gwan, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, 05006 Seoul, South Korea;1. School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;2. National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;1. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA;3. Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA;4. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, Building 113, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;2. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom;3. Capital Region of Denmark, Regionsgården - Kongens Vænge 2, - 3400 Hillerød, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | The practical implementation of the European Water Framework Directive has resulted in an increased focus on the hyporheic zone. In this paper, an integrated model was developed for evaluating the impact of point sources in groundwater on human health and surface water ecosystems. This was accomplished by coupling the system dynamics-based decision support system CARO-PLUS to the aquatic ecosystem model AQUATOX using an analytical volatilization model for the stream. The model was applied to a case study where a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater plume is discharging to a stream. The TCE source will not be depleted for many decades; however, measured and predicted TCE concentrations in surface water were found to be below human health risk management targets. Volatilization rapidly attenuates TCE concentrations in surface water. Thus, only a 30-m stream reach fails to meet surface water quality criteria. An ecological risk assessment found that the TCE contamination did not impact the stream ecosystem. Uncertainty assessment revealed hydraulic conductivity to be the most important site-specific parameter. These results indicate that contaminant plumes with μg L?1 concentrations of TCE entering surface water systems may not pose a significant risk. |
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