Historical perspective on Karenia brevis red tide research in the Gulf of Mexico |
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| Authors: | Karen A. Steidinger |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 Eighth Avenue S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;2. Florida Institute of Oceanography, 830 First Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;1. Department of Physical Sciences, The College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA;2. Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0276, USA;3. Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL, USA;4. Currently at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay Harbor, ME 04544, USA;5. Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA;1. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;2. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave. SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;1. Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;2. Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA;3. Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center MS, Stennis Spc Ctr, MS 39529, USA;1. Department of Oceanography, 3146 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;2. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA;3. Department of Biology, 3258 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA |
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| Abstract: | Research on Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico started with the 1946–1947 red tide along the Florida west coast. Early research was on the organism itself, its tolerances and requirements, and the environment in which it lived and grew. Control of blooms, as a management option, was pursued in the 1950s with little success. However, in the 1960s–1970s, new regulation of shellfish growing areas was a public health management success. Research on K. brevis blooms followed funding cycles and was sporadic until the late 1990s when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funded the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) and NOAA Monitoring and Event Response of Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) programs. These particular funding programs, augmented by State of Florida appropriations, provided the opportunity to study K. brevis blooms on different temporal-spatial scales and consequently advanced the science. This review looks at historical research results in the light of today's advances. |
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