Effect of ammonium during in vitro maturation on oocyte nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development in pigs |
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| Authors: | Y Yuan RL Krisher |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil;2. Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada;3. Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil;4. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil;1. IVF & ET Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;2. Department of Animal Science, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran;3. Department of Animal Science, National Institute of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran;1. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taizhou People''s Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, People''s Republic of China;2. The Second Affiliated Hospital and YuYing Children''s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, People''s Republic of China;3. Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhoushan Hospital Affiliated Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, 316100, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil;2. Institute of Biosciences, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The effects of ammonium in a chemically defined maturation medium on oocyte nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development of pigs after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and parthenogenetic activation (PA) were examined. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were matured in Purdue Porcine Medium (PPM) supplemented with 0 mM, 0.02 mM, 0.2 mM, 2 mM, or 20 mM ammonium chloride, or TCM199 with 10% porcine follicle fluid (TCM + pFF; positive control) at 38.7 °C in 7% CO2 in air for 40–44 h. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in nuclear maturation was found between oocytes matured in TCM + pFF or PPM with 0 mM, 0.02 mM and 0.2 mM ammonium chloride. However, nuclear maturation was decreased (P < 0.05) in oocytes matured in PPM with 2 mM or 20 mM ammonium. After IVF, oocytes matured in PPM with 20 mM ammonium resulted in embryos with reduced (P < 0.05) embryonic cleavage and blastocyst development than all other treatment groups. After PA, oocytes matured in PPM with 20 mM ammonium resulted in embryos with lesser (P < 0.05) embryonic cleavage compared to TCM + pFF. However, PA embryos derived from oocytes matured in PPM with both 2 mM and 20 mM ammonium had reduced (P < 0.05) blastocyst development compared with TCM + pFF. These results demonstrate the detrimental effect of ammonium during in vitro oocyte maturation on nuclear progression to metaphase II. Additionally, the presence of ammonium during in vitro maturation negatively influences subsequent embryonic development, although PA embryos appear to be more sensitive to the negative effects of ammonium during oocyte maturation than do IVF embryos. |
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