Progressive deterioration of the upper respiratory tract and the gut microbiomes in children during the early infection stages of COVID-19 |
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Affiliation: | 1. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China;2. Pathogen Discovery and Evolution Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;3. Children''s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China;4. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China |
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Abstract: | Children are less susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they have manifested lower morbidity and mortality after infection, for which a multitude of mechanisms may be considered. Whether the normal development of the gut-airway microbiome in children is affected by COVID-19 has not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)infection alters the upper respiratory tract and the gut microbiomes in nine children. The alteration of the microbiome is dominated by the genus Pseudomonas, and it sustains for up to 25e58 days in different individuals. Moreover, the patterns of alternation are different between the upper respiratory tract and the gut. Longitudinal investigation shows that the upper respiratory tract and the gut microbiomes are extremely variable among children during the course of COVID-19. The dysbiosis of microbiome persists in7 of 8 children for at least 19e24 days after discharge from the hospital. Disturbed development of both the gut and the upper respiratory microbiomes and prolonged dysbiosis in these nine children imply possible long-term complications after clinical recovery from COVID-19, such as predisposition to the increased health risk in the post-COVID-19 era. |
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Keywords: | SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Upper respiratory microbiome Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Children |
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