<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium</Emphasis> infection activates conserved plant defense responses in mosses |
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Authors: | Juan Pablo Oliver Alexandra Castro Carina Gaggero Tomas Cascón Eric A Schmelz Carmen Castresana Inés Ponce de León |
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Institution: | (1) Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;(2) Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain;(3) U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608-1067, USA |
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Abstract: | The moss Physcomitrella patens (P. patens) is a useful model to study abiotic stress responses since it is highly tolerant to drought, salt and osmotic stress. However,
very little is known about the defense mechanisms activated in this moss after pathogen assault. In this study, we show that
P. patens activated multiple and similar responses against Pythium irregulare and Pythium debaryanum, including the reinforcement of the cell wall, induction of the defense genes CHS, LOX and PAL, and accumulation of the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). However,
theses responses were not sufficient and infection could not be prevented leading to hyphae colonization of moss tissues and
plant decay. Pythium infection induced reactive oxygen species production and caused cell death of moss tissues. Taken together, these data indicate
that Pythium infection activates in P. patens common responses to those previously characterized in flowering plants. Microscopic analysis also revealed intracellular
relocation of chloroplasts in Pythium-infected tissues toward the infection site. In addition, OPDA, JA and its methyl ester methyl jasmonate induced the expression
of PAL. Our results show for the first time JA and OPDA accumulation in a moss and suggest that this defense pathway is functional
and has been maintained during the evolution of plants.
Authors Juan Pablo Oliver and Alexandra Castro contributed equally to this work. |
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Keywords: | Cell wall reinforcement Chloroplasts Defense genes Jasmonic acid Physcomitrella Pythium |
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