羊草大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育的观察

利用常规石蜡制片技术研究了羊草大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育过程。主要结果是：(1)花药壁由4层结构组成，最外层为表皮，其次为药室内壁，1层中层，最内层绒毡层为分泌型；(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型，四分孢子为左右对称型；(3)成熟花粉粒为3细胞型，具单萌发孔；(4)羊草为单子房、单胚珠，双珠被、薄珠心、倒生型胚珠，大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线型或T型排列的4个大孢子；合点端大孢子具功能；(5)具有双孢原，双大孢子母细胞、双大孢子四分体和双胚囊的情况；(6)胚囊发育为蓼型，反足细胞经无丝分裂形成4～6个细胞的反足细胞群；(7)同一朵花中，前期雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊的发育，后期当花粉成熟时，雌配子体也达到成熟，雌雄蕊发育趋于同步。

Observations on megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and development of female and male gemetophyte of Aneurolepidium chinense (Trin.) Kitag.

This paper studies megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and the development of female and male gametophyte of Aneurolepidium chinense (Trin.) Kitag. by means of paraffin wax. The main results are as follows: (1) The wall of anther consists of four layers: epidermis, endothecium, one middle layer and tapetum from out to inside. Tapetum cell is of secretory type. (2) Cytokinesis of microsporocyte meiotic division is of successive type. Tetrasporophyte is medially zygomorphic. (3) Mature pollen grain is of 3-celled type. (4) There are one ovary and one ovule. The ovule is double integuments, tenuinucellate and anatropous. Megasporocyte meiotic divides into four megaspores in line type or T-type. The megaspore near chalazae is the functional one. (5) There are double female archesporium, double megasporocyte, double megaspore quadrant and double embryo sacs in one ovule. (6) Embryo sac is of Polygonum type. Antipodal cells amitotic divide to six cells in mature embryo sac. (7) Early in one flower, the development of stamen is earlier than that of pistil. Later when the stamen matures, the pistil matures either. They are nearly synchronous at this time.