中国温带的草地资源及草地农业未来的发展

本文的第一部分论述了中国温带的草地资源。以优势种的水分生态类型为基础,把草原划分了四个类型。根据生境的特点,把草甸划分了四个类型。在文中,对各类草地资源的大体面积、群落结构、种类成分、第一性生产量及其合理利用途径、地理分布、营养成分、动态变化的特征,作了概括叙述。本文的第二部分,首先,阐述了在中国充分开发草地资源的必要性,中国为什么和在什么程度上必须发展草地牧业,它的背景(包括土地、人口、粮食,农业生产结构等)。其次,论述了在中国从现在起草地农业进一步发展的可能性。最后,指出为了实现上述可能性,有待解决的向题和排除的障碍是什么(包括依靠科学研究来解决的大的课题)。

GRASSLAND RESOURCES AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF GRASSLAND FARMING IN TEMPERATE CHINA

In the first part of the paper the grassland resources in the semiarid area of China are described. Grasslands cover 2.80 million km² of the 9.6 million km² of the total territory and 100 million livestock are being raised there. Steppes and meadows are classified into several types according to the ecological types of the dominant species and environments, etc.Area, geographical distribution, community structure, species composition, dynamics, nutritive value of herbages, primary production and utilization of each grassland type are outlined. In the second part, the necessity to promote grassland far-ming and the possibility of its development are discussed based upon the land, population, food and agricultural structure.Strategies for the full exploitation of the grassland resources of China are proposed.