浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区野猪空间分布及活动节律

为了解浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区内野猪(Sus scrofa)的分布及活动节律,2018年3月至2019年2月,我们利用红外相机技术对其进行了网格化监测。在千顷塘和龙塘山区域总计布设109个红外相机监测点,共计调查39 240个相机日。结果表明,在千顷塘区域,野猪倾向于在落叶阔叶林(拍摄率5.33 ±5.64)和针阔混交林(3.75 ±3.46)活动,而在龙塘山区域,则倾向于针阔混交林(4.32 ±5.21);千顷塘与龙塘山区域野猪各月间的日活动差异指数α均存在极显著差异(P < 0.01),冬季的α值高于其他季节;昼行性指数β的平均值分别为0.870和0.768,显著高于理论值13/24(P < 0.01),表明清凉峰的野猪种群具有明显的昼行性特征,且在冬季的活动时间分配较之其他季节更不均匀。通过核密度估计法分析不同季节野猪的日活动节律发现,保护区内野猪春季有晨昏两个活动高峰(08:00-10:00、17:00-19:00),冬季活动高峰出现在午后(13:00-17:00),其他季节无明显活动高峰。本研究有助于加深对野猪华南亚种生态习性的认知,为保护区的野生动物管理工作提供科学依据。

Distribution and activity patterns of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province

To study the distribution and activity patterns of wild boar (Sus scrofa),a grid-type infrared camera method was employed in the Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province.From March 2018 to February 2019, a total of 109 cameras were deployed in Qianqingtang and Longtangshan areas of the reserve,with a total monitoring time of 39 240 camera-days.Wild boar tended to select deciduous broad-leaved forest (capture rate=5.33 ±5.64) and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (3.75 ±3.46) in Qianqingtang,while in Longtangshan,it selected mainly coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (4.32 ±5.21).There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in daily-discrepancy index α in different months,and the average value of α in winter was significantly higher than that in the other seasons.In addition,the average value of diurnal-nocturnal index β was 0.870 in Qianqingtang and 0.768 in Longtangshan,which are significantly higher than the theoretical value of 13/24(P < 0.01).These results indicated that the wild boar is a diurnal animal and its activity pattern in winter is not consistent with the other seasons.The Kernel density estimation showed that the daily activity patterns of wild boar varied among seasons with two apparent activity peaks in the morning (08:00-10:00) and dusk (17:00-19:00) in spring,one apparent peak in winter afternoon (13:00-17:00),and no obvious peak in the other seasons.This study will help to deepen the understanding of the ecological habits of wild boar and contribute to the wildlife management in the reserve.