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Travellers as sentinels: Assaying the worldwide distribution of polymorphisms associated with artemisinin combination therapy resistance in Plasmodium falciparum using malaria cases imported into Scotland |
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| Authors: | Carol W. Hunja Holger Unger Pedro E. Ferreira Richard Lumsden Sheila Morris Rashid Aman Claire Alexander Toshihiro Mita Richard Culleton |
| Affiliation: | 1. Malaria Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;2. Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences (CREATES), Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya;3. Haematology Laboratory, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom;4. Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;5. Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;6. Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom;g Scottish Parasite Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Greater Glasgow & Clyde NHS, House on the Hill, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom;h Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;i Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan |
| Abstract: | There is growing evidence that Plasmodium falciparum parasites in southeastern Asia have developed resistance to artemisinin combination therapy. The resistance phenotype has recently been shown to be associated with four single nucleotide polymorphisms in the parasite’s genome. We assessed the prevalence of two of these single nucleotide polymorphisms in P. falciparum parasites imported into Scotland between 2009 and 2012, and in additional field samples from six countries in southeastern Asia. We analysed 28 samples from 11 African countries, and 25 samples from nine countries in Asia/southeastern Asia/Oceania. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with artemisinin combination therapy resistance were not observed outside Thailand and Cambodia. |
| Keywords: | Plasmodium falciparum Drug resistance ACT Malaria |
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