Mechanisms of invasive population establishment and spread of pinewood nematodes in China |
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Authors: | BingYan Xie XinYue Cheng Juan Shi QingWen Zhang ShuMing Dai Fei Xue Cheng YouQing Luo |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;(2) Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;(3) Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China;(4) Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China |
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Abstract: | This paper summarizes the results of our study of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). By population genetic analysis, it was determined that there was no genetic bottle caused by the founder effect and genetic
drift in the Chinese invasive population. Multiple invasions with large amounts of nematodes from different sources led to
rich genetic diversity in the invasive population. Keeping high genetic diversity in the invasive process may be one of the
genetic mechanisms in its successful invasion. By testing interspecies competition, it was shown that, with high fecundity
and a strong competitive ability, B. xylophilus outcompeted the native species B. mucronatus in the natural ecosystem during the invasion process. Competitive displacement may be one of the ecological mechanisms of
B. xylophilus’s invasion. In addition, an unequal interspecific hybridization with introgress was in favor of the invasive species which
also accelerated the replacement of B. mucronatus by B. xylophilus. The structures, functions and evolutions of a few important genes that are closely related to the ecological adaptation
of pinewood nematodes were studied to explore the molecular mechanism of its ecological adaptations. Further, the resistance
and resilience mechanism of the pine ecosystem invaded by pinewood nematodes was also investigated. The results of these studies
uncovered a portion of the genetic and ecological mechanisms of PWN’s successful invasion and laid a foundation for further
study to obtain a comprehensive interpretation of the mechanisms of the nematode invasion. The results also provided a scientific
basis for effectively controlling the occurrence and spread of pine wilt disease which is caused by nematodes. Various aspects
requiring further investigation are considered.
Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2009CB119200 and 2002CB111400). |
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Keywords: | pinewood nematode bioinvasion genetic diversity ecological adaptation resistance resilience |
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