CHOLINE METABOLISM AND MEMBRANE FORMATION IN RAT HEPATOMA CELLS GROWN IN SUSPENSION CULTURE : II. Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis during Growth Cycle and Fluctuation of Mitochondrial Density

The incorporation of methyl-labeled choline into phosphorylcholine and phosphatidylcholine of cellular membranes by Novikoff rat hepatoma cells (line N1S1-67) during growth in suspension culture was investigated. Upon initiation of a fresh culture at 10⁵ cells/ml, the rate of synthesis of phosphorylcholine by the cells was four to five times greater than that of the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. While the rate of synthesis of the latter remained relatively constant, the rate of phosphorylation of choline decreased progressively during the course of the growth cycle of the culture to 10–20% of the initial rate when the culture reached stationary phase at 3 x 10⁶ cells/ml. The decrease in phosphorylcholine synthesis during the growth cycle was not due to depletion of choline in the medium or a decrease in its concentration, but was correlated with a decrease in choline kinase activity of the cells as measured in cell-free extracts. Newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine was detectable in cells only as an integral part of cellular membranes. Its distribution among various cytoplasmic membrane structures separated by isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose density gradients remained relatively constant during the growth cycle. About 50% was associated with the mitochondria, and the remainder with plasma membrane fragments and other membranous structures with mean densities of about 1.15 and 1.13 g/cm³, respectively. However, the density of the mitochondria increased from about 1.167 g/cm³ in early exponential phase cells to about 1.190 g/cm³ in stationary phase cells. The finding that the density of the entire propulation of mitochondria changed simultaneously and progressively is in agreement with the view that mitochondria grow by addition of phospholipids and structural proteins and increase in number by division.