The effect of water turbidity on the near-surface water temperature of larval habitats of the malaria mosquito <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anopheles gambiae</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | K P Paaijmans W Takken A K Githeko A F G Jacobs |
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Institution: | (1) Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;(3) Kenya Medical Research Institute, Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Kisumu, Kenya;(4) Present address: Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics/Entomology Department, Pennsylvania State University, 19A Chemical Ecology Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA |
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Abstract: | Water temperature is an important determinant in many aquatic biological processes, including the growth and development of
malaria mosquito (Anopheles arabiensis and A. gambiae) immatures. Water turbidity affects water temperature, as suspended particles in a water column absorb and scatter sunlight
and hence determine the extinction of solar radiation. To get a better understanding of the relationship between water turbidity
and water temperature, a series of semi-natural larval habitats (diameter 0.32 m, water depth 0.16 m) with increasing water
turbidity was created. Here we show that at midday (1300 hours) the upper water layer (thickness of 10 mm) of the water pool
with the highest turbidity was on average 2.8°C warmer than the same layer of the clearest water pool. Suspended soil particles
increase the water temperature and furthermore change the temperature dynamics of small water collections during daytime,
exposing malaria mosquito larvae, which live in the top water layer, longer to higher temperatures. |
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Keywords: | Water temperature dynamics Suspended particles Aquatic insect ecology Malaria mosquito immatures Shallow water puddles |
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