两种新的茴香脑资源植物

茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲是我国新近发现的特有植物,全株具有浓郁的茴香味。用气相色谱和色谱—质谱对这两种植物的根茎和叶挥发油进行了分析并与我国传统的香料和调味料—小茴香和大茴香的果实的挥发油进行了比较。发现:茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲的根茎和叶挥发油的主要成分是异茴香脑,分别为94.54(?)96.70％和60.29(?)86.20％;而小茴香和大茴香果实的挥发油的主要成分是反式—茴香脑,分别为80.29％、92.10％。异茴香脑的香味比反式—茴香脑弱,但它和醇碱液共热时即可发生异构化变成反式—茴香脑。且茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲是草本植物,容易栽培和繁殖。所以这是两种至今未被利用的,有发展前途的香料植物。

TWO SPECIES OF PLANTS AS NEW RESOURCES FOR ANETHOLE

Acorus macrospadicus and Acorus xiangyeus,endemic to China,have a Strong Sweet Smell of anethole.The chemical compositons of the vol- atile oils of the zhixome and leaves of the two Species of plants were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and compared with those of the fruits of Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum.The results indicated that iso- anethole,as main component,make up 94.54-96.70% and 60.29-86.20% of the oils of the zhizome and leaves of A.macrospadlcus and A.xian- gyeus resP.But the oils of the fruits of F.vulgare and I.verum contai- ned 80.29% and 92.10% trans-anethole as main component.In addition, these oils also contained a little amount of cis-anethole.Isoanethole, cis-anethole,and trans-anethole are a group of isomers.Isoanethole can transformd into transanethole when it was mixed with a solution of EtOH and KOH and heated.So A.macrospadicus and A.xianyeus can be used not only as flavour,but also as new resources for trans-anethole. Being herbs,they were cultivated and reproduced easily.So A.macro- spdicus and A.xiangyeus are prospective two perfumery plants.