The emerging regulatory mechanisms and biological function of circular RNAs in skeletal muscle development |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;2. Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;1. Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India;2. Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India;3. School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India;1. Department of Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;2. Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;3. Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;1. Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, AL, USA;4. Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;5. Center for Functional Genomics, Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;6. Computer Science Department, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland;7. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil;8. Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India;2. Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India;1. Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China |
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| Abstract: | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs that assume a covalently closed-loop structure. Because of technical limitations in research, circRNAs were long considered to be byproducts of the RNA splicing process. Recently, emerging evidence has indicated that circRNAs can regulate gene expression by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) or proteins, functioning as protein scaffolds, regulating transcription and splicing, and acting as templates for translation, thereby extending the functional complexity and diversity of eukaryotic transcriptomes. Remarkably, an increasing number of studies have revealed that circRNAs are stable, evolutionarily conserved, and are often expressed in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific patterns, especially abundant in muscle tissue. circRNAs are emerging as powerful regulators in diverse cellular processes and diseases, particularly in skeletal muscle myogenesis. Here, we describe circRNAs discovery, classification, and regulatory mechanisms, highlight the current understanding of circRNAs in regulating skeletal muscle development, and tell the story of how circRNAs, once thought to be “splicing noise”, have become “genetic treasures”. |
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