Adenovirus Death Protein (ADP) Is Required for Lytic Infection of Human Lymphocytes |
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| Authors: | V K Murali D A Ornelles L R Gooding H T Wilms W Huang A E Tollefson W S M Wold C Garnett-Benson |
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| Institution: | aDepartment of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;cEmory University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;dMolecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA |
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| Abstract: | The adenovirus death protein (ADP) is expressed at late times during a lytic infection of species C adenoviruses. ADP promotes the release of progeny virus by accelerating the lysis and death of the host cell. Since some human lymphocytes survive while maintaining a persistent infection with species C adenovirus, we compared ADP expression in these cells with ADP expression in lymphocytes that proceed with a lytic infection. Levels of ADP were low in KE37 and BJAB cells, which support a persistent infection. In contrast, levels of ADP mRNA and protein were higher in Jurkat cells, which proceed with a lytic infection. Epithelial cells infected with an ADP-overexpressing virus died more quickly than epithelial cells infected with an ADP-deleted virus. However, KE37, and BJAB cells remained viable after infection with the ADP-overexpressing virus. Although the levels of ADP mRNA increased in KE37 and BJAB cells infected with the ADP-overexpressing virus, the fraction of cells with detectable ADP was unchanged, suggesting that the control of ADP expression differs between epithelial and lymphocytic cells. When infected with an ADP-deleted adenovirus, Jurkat cells survived and maintained viral DNA for greater than 1 month. These findings are consistent with the notion that the level of ADP expression determines whether lymphocytic cells proceed with a lytic or a persistent adenovirus infection. |
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