Nicotine moderates the effects of macronutrient balance on nutrient intake by parasitized <Emphasis Type="Italic">Manduca sexta</Emphasis> L |
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Authors: | S N Thompson R A Redak |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA |
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Abstract: | Effects of dietary nicotine and macronutrient ratio on M. sexta larvae were examined. Larvae were fed a carbohydrate-biased, protein-biased or diet having equal amounts of casein and sucrose,
with and without nicotine. Without nicotine, larvae displayed compensatory feeding on the low protein diet, but despite consuming
more, grew least on this diet. Nicotine at 0.5% had no effect on nutrient consumption. Nicotine at 1.0 and 2.0% reduced overall
consumption and thereby also reduced nicotine consumption. Larvae parasitized by C congregata displayed reduced nutrient intake and growth on all diets. Parasitized larvae responded to 1% nicotine similarly to unparasitized
larvae. At 0.5% nicotine, they displayed reduced consumption on all diets, possibly due to altered chemoreceptor sensitivity
to nicotine. When offered a choice of two diets having different macronutrient ratios, one with and the other without 0.1%
nicotine, all larvae preferred the diet lacking nicotine and failed to regulate nutrient intake such that the nutrient intake
target, a ratio of nutrients supporting optimal growth, was achieved. Parasitized larvae consumed less nicotine on a fresh
weight basis than unparasitized insects, suggesting that the feeding response of parasitized larvae to nicotine minimizes
the exposure of nicotine to developing parasites. |
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