Calcium induction of transglutaminase and the formation of epsilon(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-links in cultured mouse epidermal cells |
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Authors: | H Hennings P Steinert M M Buxman |
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Institution: | Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA |
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Abstract: | A lysine tRNA (anticodon U1UU) was isolated from rat liver mitochondria and sequenced. The sequence, pCAUUGCGAm1Am2GCUUAGAGCm2GUUAACCU-t6AAGUUAAAGUUAGAGACAACAAAUCUCCACAAUGACCAOH, can be written in cloverleaf form. It exhibits many unorthodox features, perhaps the most strikking of which is the small size of the D-arm consisting of only 9 nucleotides. The anticodon loop contains 2 hypermodified nucleotides, U127 (probably 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine) and t6A30 (N-N-(9-β-D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine). The presence of U1 in the first (“wobble”) position of the anticodon probably prevents the lysine tRNA from reading asparagine (AAY) codons. t6A, which is 3′-adjacent to the anticodon in most tRNAs recognizing codons starting with A, and other modified nucleosides occupy expected positions. We hypothesize that enzymes modifying the wobble position and the position 3′-adjacent to the anticodon recognize specific nucleotides in the anticodon. |
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