Spatial organization of female groups in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Environment, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK;2. School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health & Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Derriford Road, Plymouth, UK;3. Centre for Biomedical Research, Translational and Stratified Medicine, Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Plymouth, UK;1. The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research Institute, Canada;2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, Logan, USA;4. Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France;5. Service de Psychiatrie de l''adulte, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004 Paris, France;6. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;7. Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria;8. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, USA;9. Marshall University, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA;10. University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;11. University of Washington, School of Social Work, Seattle, WA, USA;12. School of Psychology & Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University Geelong, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The spatial organization of female groups in red deer was studied in the periods before and after the rut, in a study area located in the central Sierra Morena (Córdoba, Spain). The study was carried out in terms of age-sex classes, and was based on direct observation and video recording.Movement order proved to be linear, and highlighted the role of the mature hind as group leader and potential group protector. Two tendencies were found in the calf: to place itself behind the adult female, and to take up a central position in the group. With regard to relationships of spatial proximity, the mature hind and the calf tended to keep separate from the rest of the group both in the period before and after the rut. The yearling male became progressively independent of the matriarchal group, tending in the second period of study to associate with individuals from its own age-sex class. |
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