IS1237, a Repetitive Chromosomal Element from Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, Is Related to Insertion Sequences from Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

We describe here a repetitive chromosomal element, which appears to be an insertion sequence, isolated from Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, a gram-positive plant-associated bacterium. The element, IS1237, is 905 bp in size, is bounded by 19-bp perfect inverted repeats and 3-bp direct repeats, and appears at least 16 times in the genome. It contains three open reading frames which show similarity to open reading frames from various other insertion sequences. We have found that there are two groups of related mobile elements: one in which two open reading frames are read separately and the other in which these two open reading frames are fuse together to give one predicted protein product. Using one of these open reading frames to search amino acid sequence databases, we found two instances in which similar reading frames flank genes carried on plasmids. We believe therefore that these plasmid-borne genes may be parts of previously unidentified mobile elements. For IS1237, a frameshift in two of the open reading frames and a stop codon in the third may indicate that this particular copy of the element is no longer active in transposition. The similarity of IS1237 to other elements from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria provides further evidence that mobile elements have been transferred between these two bacterial groups.