野生大豆资源对大豆疫病抗病性和耐病性鉴定

大豆疫病是大豆重要病害之一,在世界范围内导致严重经济损失。防治大豆疫病最有效方法是利用抗病或耐病品种。筛选抗性资源是发掘抗性基因和抗病育种的基础。本研究鉴定了野生大豆资源对大豆疫病的抗病性和耐病性,以期发掘优异抗源。苗期用子叶贴菌块方法鉴定104份野生大豆资源对两个不同毒力的大豆疫霉分离物PSJS2(毒力型:1a,1b,1c,1d,1k,2,3a,3b,3c,4,5,6,7,8)和PS41-1(毒力型:1a,1d,2,3b,3c,4,5,6,7,8)抗性,结果表明33份资源抗PS41-1,35份资源抗PSJS2,其中18份抗两个分离物。在抗病性鉴定基础性上,用菌层接种方法对选择的82份资源进行耐病性鉴定,发现7份高耐病性资源。这些结果表明,野生大豆中可能含有新的大豆疫病抗病和(或)耐病资源,这些抗病或耐病资源可以用于未来大豆抗病育种,以丰富大豆对大豆疫病的抗性遗传基础。

Identification of resistance and tolerance to Phytophthora sojae in wild soybean germplasm

Phytophthora root rot is one of the most important diseases of soybean and cause severe economic losses worldwide. Deployment of resistance or tolerance cultivars is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Screening of disease resistance resources is a basis of novel resistance genes or QTLs discovering and disease resistance breeding. In this study, resistance and tolerance to Phytophthora root rot in wild soybean germplasms were identified, in order to exploit novel resistance and tolerance sources. One hundred and four wild soybean accessions were identified for resistance to two isolates PS41-1 and PSJS2 of Phytophthora sojae using cotyledon plug-inoculation method in seedling. Thirty-three accessions were resistant to isolate PS41-1, 35 accessions were resistant to isolate PSJS2, and 18 accessions were resistant to the two isolates. Further, 82 accessions were selected for evaluation of tolerance to the two isolates of P. sojae using inoculum-layer method. Seven accessions had high levels of tolerance. These results indicated that elite sources of new P. sojae resistance and/or tolerance were present in wild soybean. The resistance and/or tolerance wild soybean maybe provide new sources for phytophthora root rot resistance breeding for diversifying resistance genetic base to Phytophthora root rot in soybean in the future.