高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔红细胞低氧适应特征

为探讨高原鼢鼠对低氧高二氧化碳洞道生境及高原鼠兔对高海拔低氧生境的适应机制,用Sysmex SF-3000血细胞分析仪及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对两种高原动物的血常规及血红蛋白类型进行分析,后者采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法。结果表明,高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔的红细胞数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)及平均红细胞容积(MCV)组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔的红细胞数显著高于SD大鼠,红细胞压积及平均红细胞容积均显著低于SD大鼠(P<0.05);高原鼢鼠的血红蛋白浓度(HBC)与SD大鼠无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于高原鼠兔的HBC(P<0.05)。高原鼢鼠血红蛋白主要有2种类型,高原鼠兔血红蛋白主要有3种类型,而SD大鼠血红蛋白主要有5种类型。从血红蛋白电泳迁移来看,2种高原动物血红蛋白类型有明显的趋同特征并与SD大鼠具有明显的差异。上述结果提示,长期适应高海拔低氧环境的高原动物的红细胞和血红蛋白表现出趋同进化,同时因生境和习性的差异又表现出各自的特异性。

Physiological Character of Erythrocyte Adapting to Hypoxia in Plateau Zokor and Platean Pika

To explore the adaptive mechanisms of plateau zokor Myospalax baileyi and plateau pika Ochotona curzniae to the hypoxic environment, the blood indices were analyzed, meanwhile, the types of hemoglobin were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that it was not significantly different in red blood corpuscle count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) between plateau zokors and plateau pikas (P >0.05), but the RBC of the zokors and the pikas were significantly higher, and the HCT and MCV were significantly lower than those in SD rats( P <0.05). The hemoglobin concentration (HBC) in plateau zokers was no significant difference than that in SD rats, but significantly higher than that in plateau pikas( P <0.05). Two types of hemoglobin were discovered in plateau zokors, three types of hemoglobin in plateau pikas, but five types of hemoglobin in SD rats. The hemoglobin types of the two high altitude animals demonstrated convergent evolution characteristics according to the electrophoresis migration, and it showed significant difference with SD rats. In conclusion, the physiological character of erythrocyte and hemoglobin in high altitude animals showed obvious convergent evolution in long time of adapting the hypoxic environment, however, they also had some specific characters because of the different habitats and habits.