植物竞争研究进展

竞争系指两个以上有机体或物种间阻碍或制约的相互关系。它是塑造植物形态、生活史的主要动力之一；并对植物群落的结构和动态具有深刻的影响。因其在生态学的中心地位，生态学家已从不同的侧面研究了这一复杂的生态学现象；生态学也因此而得到了发展。然而，人们对竞争的理解不尽一致，因而导致了概念上的混乱，平行研究相对缺乏、不同研究间的比较困难，从而阻碍了学科的发展。本文试就植物竞争的概念、竞争理论、竞争研究的实验方法、影响竞争能力的主要因素、种内和种间竞争对种群和群落的影响，如竞争与物种共存等进行综述；我们在总结研究成就的同时，亦指出了现有研究的局限性。

A Literature Review on Plant Competition

Ever since Darwin, competiton has been considered to be one of the major forces that shape the morphology and life-history of plants and affect the structure and dynamics of plant communities. Because it plays a central role in ecology, plant competition has been studied in a variety of facets, which has led to the development of the whole ecologists. We bring this review to offer our commonplace remarks so that others may come up with valuable opinions. In doing so, we discuss over definition of competition, current life history theories and future research directions while this review places an emphasis on the experimental approaches to studying competition, on how biological and environmental factors affect the competitive outcomes, and on the consequences of intra-and inter-specific competition, especially how it affects the strurcture and dynamics of plant communities. It is hoped that this review can provide the current knowledge in this field and the impetus for the development of new and more general approaches.