乡村生态系统文化服务供需关系研究——以浙江省湖州市为例

充分利用乡村文化资源，发挥生态系统的文化服务价值，是满足新需求发展新经济、推动乡村文化振兴的重要路径。以浙江省湖州市的乡村区域为研究对象，结合地理信息数据、社会调查数据和兴趣点数据(POI)，优化Maxent模型的要素评价体系，对生态系统文化服务量化制图，同时对文化服务供需水平进行空间自相关分析，确定湖州市文化服务价值的分布特征。研究结果表明：(1)湖州市乡村地区3种文化服务类型中科教人文价值最高，自然风光价值和休闲娱乐价值次之；休闲娱乐价值所占面积最大，自然风光价值和科教人文价值次之。在空间分布上，德清县北部、安吉县南部和长兴县的西北部为文化价值突出区域。(2)POI、土地利用/覆被和距道路距离是贡献度最高的3个要素，POI的应用对提高结果可靠性、提升文化服务价值制图精度有较明显的积极作用；(3)结合常住人口和旅游人口，吴兴区的大部分区域具有最高的文化服务需求，其余依次为安吉县的北部和中部、长兴县、德清县的东部、南浔区；(4)根据文化服务供需匹配关系，将湖州市乡村地区划分为发达区、需求区、潜力区、发展区，四种类别面积相对平均但分布具有较强异质性。基于供需关系视角，探索了乡村地区生态系统文化服务发展路径的研究方法，为乡村文化服务综合开发奠定理论基础。

Supply-demand relationships of cultural ecosystem services in rural areas:a case study of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province

Making full use of rural cultural resources, and realizing the values of rural cultural ecosystem services (CES) are important ways to meet the demands of urban and rural residents, develop a new economic growing field, and promote cultural revitalization in rural areas. Taking the rural areas of Huzhou City, China as an example, this study adopted geographic data, social survey data, and Points of Interest to optimize the indicator assessment system of the Maxent model, and map the cultural ecosystem services. The research also depicted the characteristics of the distribution of cultural ecosystem service values in the rural areas of Huzhou City, by analyzing the spatial autocorrelation of the supply and demand of the cultural ecosystem services. The study discovered that:(1) Among the three types of cultural ecosystem services in rural areas of Huzhou City, the value of scientific and educational services was the highest, followed by the values of aesthetic services and recreational services. The recreational services covered the largest areas of the research areas, followed by the aesthetic services, and then the scientific and educational services. In terms of spatial distribution, the north of Deqing County, the south of Anji County, and the northwest of Changxing County were the areas with high cultural service value. (2) The most important factors contributing to the Maxent model analysis were the Points of Interest, the land use and land cover, and the distance to the road. With the assistance of Points of Interest, the research enhanced the reliability of results, as well as the mapping accuracy of cultural service value. (3) Combined with the resident population and tourist population, most areas of Wuxing district had the highest demand for cultural services, and the rest were the north and middle of Anji County, Changxing County, the east of Deqing County, and Nanxun district. (4) The rural areas of Huzhou City were categorized into four categories based on the matching relationship between the supply and demand of the cultural ecosystem services. They were developed areas, demand areas, potential areas, and development areas. The geographical areas covered by the four cultural ecosystem services were similar, but the distributions of these four kinds of areas were highly heterogeneous. The purpose of this study was to explore a research method for the development path of rural cultural ecosystem services based on the perspective of supply and demand, and to provide theoretical support and suggestions for the comprehensive development of rural cultural ecosystem services.