Generation of B. nigra-B. rapa chromosome addition stocks: cytology and microsatellite markers (SSRs) based characterization

To improve Brassica nigra, the B-genome donor for Brassica juncea through selective introgression of useful variation from A-genome chromosomes, B. nigra-B. rapa chromosome addition stocks were successfully synthesized for the first time. Resynthesized B. juncea was used as B-genome donor species and A-genome addition stocks were developed by hybridizing sesquidiploid plant (ABB) as female and using B. nigra as the male parent. Various cycles of backcrossing and/or selfing were utilized to isolate plants carrying addition of three A-genome chromosomes in the background of B. nigra. These chromosome addition stocks were characterized by chromosome counts, pollen and seed fertility and chromosome specific microsatellite (SSRs) markers. The chromosome number in different backcross/self generations ranged between 2n=26 and 2n=19 with relatively high frequency of univalents (8-10I) at in meiotic configurations observed, suggesting the role of preferential transmission of A-genome chromosomes. SSRs analysis revealed that B. rapa chromosomes 3 and 4 were the first to get eliminated followed by chromosome 10. Remaining chromosomes were maintained till BC(1)F(4). However, second cycle of backcrossing (BC(2)) led to the elimination of chromosome numbers 1 and 2. BC(2)F(2) plants carried the chromosome numbers 6, 7, 8 and 9. Generation BC(3) having plants with 2n=19 carried chromosome numbers 6, 7 and 8. It is possible that chromosomes 6, 7 and 8 had higher transmission frequency and these were better tolerated by the B. nigra genome.