土壤可蚀性研究述评

土壤可蚀性是土壤对侵蚀营力分散和搬运作用的抵抗能力,是建立土壤流失方程和侵蚀模型的必要参数.土壤可蚀性研究是认识土壤侵蚀机理的一个重要环节.本研究基于土壤可蚀性已有成果,总结评述了土壤可蚀性的相关研究进展.其中,土壤可蚀性的相关指标有土壤抗冲抗蚀性、K因子等;土壤可蚀性包括水蚀可蚀性、风蚀可蚀性、重力可蚀性和冻融可蚀性等不同类型;其评价指标体系可以分为基于土壤内在性质和外在侵蚀营力的两类评价指标体系;土壤理化性质测定法、仪器测定法、小区测定法、数学模型和图解法、水动力学模型求解法是目前常用的5种土壤可蚀性测定和估算方法;土壤可蚀性具有明显的时空分异特征,其影响因素主要包括土壤性质、气候、植被、地形和土地利用等不同方面.在土壤可蚀性的进一步研究中,应注重土壤可蚀性概念的界定、评价指标体系的规范统一、土壤可蚀性估算模型的区域适用性、土壤可蚀性动态变化作用机理等方面.

Research progress on soil erodibility

Soil erodibility is the soil susceptibility to resist external forcing of erosion and transportation. It is the necessary factor for establishing soil loss equation and soil erosion model. Research on soil erodibility is one of the keys to understand the mechanism of soil erosion. Based on previous research achievement, this paper reviewed the progress of the soil erodibility research. The relevant concepts of soil erodibility include soil anti-scouribility and K-factor, etc. There are different types of soil erodibility, such as soil erodibility of water erosion, soil erodibility of wind erosion, soil erodibility of gravity erosion and soil erodibility of freezing thaw erosion. The evaluation index system of soil erodibility can be divided into two types. One is the evaluation index system based on the soil intrinsic properties and another is the evaluation index system based on external forcing. There are five types of methods that are commonly used to assess soil erodibility, including the measurement of soil physical and chemical properties, the instrumental measurement, the area measurement, the mathematical model and graphic method and the hydrodynamic model solving method. Soil erodibility has obvious spatial-temporal variation characteristics. Its influencing factors include soil property, climate, vegetation, terrain, land use, etc. In the future research of soil erodibility, more attention should be paid to the definition of soil erodibility, the standardization and unification of evaluation index system, the regional applicability of soil erodibility estimation models and the dynamic mechanism of soil erodibility.