1980—2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱性

流域景观格局及脆弱性变化对流域生态环境具有重要影响.为保障南四湖流域生态环境安全,本研究以流域1980—2015年7期土地利用数据为基础,通过计算景观格局指数分析南四湖流域景观格局变化,利用景观适应度(LAI)和景观敏感度指数(LSI)构建景观格局脆弱度(LVI),并分析其空间分布与变化.结果表明: 1980—2015年,南四湖流域耕地面积比例下降4.6%,建设用地增加39.7%,其他土地利用类型呈波动变化,林地、草地、未利用地面积减少,水域面积增加.耕地一直是南四湖流域的优势景观类型.耕地和水域破碎度增加,其他地类破碎度降低.流域景观整体破碎度有所缓和,景观类型之间形成了较好的连接性,景观格局的不规则性和复杂性下降并朝着均匀化和多样化方向发展.各时期流域景观脆弱度大体上表现出东部高于西部、北部高于南部的趋势,其空间分布与流域地形,以及景观类型的分布、土地利用变化有关.研究期间,流域LVI整体下降,东部景观脆弱度严重地区的景观格局开始趋于分散,逐渐被低一级脆弱区所取代,西北部地区脆弱度的回升最明显,南部及西南部一直是低脆弱区.

Landscape pattern and its vulnerability of Nansihu Lake basin during 1980-2015.

Landscape pattern and its vulnerability have direct impacts on ecological environment in the basin. In order to protect the ecological security in Nansihu Lake basin, we analyzed the changes of landscape pattern based on seven sets of land use data (1980-2015), with landscape adaptability index (LAI) and landscape sensitivity index (LSI) being used to build the landscape vulnerability index (LVI). The spatial distribution and changes of LVI were analyzed. Results showed that the percentage of arable land areas decreased by 4.6% and construction land areas increased by 39.7% from 1980 to 2015. Other land use types showed fluctuating changes. The areas of forest land, grassland, and unused land decreased while water area increased. The arable land was the dominant land use type from 1980 to 2015 in this area. The degree of fragmentation of arable land and water area in the basin increased, whereas other land use types decreased. The fragmentation of whole basin decreased, but connectivity among landscape types enhanced. The irregularity and complexity of landscape pattern decreased, but diversity and evenness of landscape pattern displayed an increasing trend. With respect to LVI in different periods, the eastern part of the basin was higher than the western part, while the northern part was higher than the southern part. The spatial distribution of LVI was related to topography, layout of landscape types and change of land use. The LVI of Nansihu Lake basin showed a decline trend during 1980-2015. In the eastern part of the basin, higher level of LVI gradually dispersed and was replaced by lower level. In the northwest, the recovery of LVI was obvious. In the south and southwest parts, LVI was consistently low.