两个生态区大豆光热资源利用率和产量的差异及对化控剂的响应

在黑龙江省黑河市九三管理局(第四积温带)和大庆市林甸县(第二积温带)进行大田试验, 以大豆品种‘垦丰41’为试验材料, 于初花期叶面喷施50 mg·L^-1烯效唑(S₃₃₀₇)和50 mg·L^-1 2-N, N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)调节剂, 通过灰关联分析方法, 研究了影响大豆产量的主要因素, 并对比分析了两种生态条件下大豆光热资源利用率和产量的差异, 探究了化控技术对大豆光热资源利用率的调控效应. 结果表明:与降雨量和日照时数相比, 地表总辐射和≥10 ℃有效积温是影响两个生态区大豆产量的主要因素. 播种到开花期的光热资源利用率与单株干物质积累量呈极显著正相关, 开花至结荚期的光热资源利用率与单株干物质积累量呈显著正相关. 产量与苗期至结荚期的干物质积累量、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重呈极显著正相关. S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6均可显著提高两个生态区大豆的光热资源利用率和产量. 其中, S₃₃₀₇对两个生态区大豆光热资源利用率和产量的调控效果较好. 在九三和林甸两个生态区, S₃₃₀₇大豆光能利用率分别提高了13.6%和17.1%, 热量利用效率分别提高了14.1%和17.2%, 较不施用对照分别增产14.1%和17.3%. 因此, 采用合理的化控技术是提高光热资源利用率、实现大豆高产的有效途径.

Differences in light and heat utilization efficiency and yield of soybean in two ecological zones and their response to chemical control regulators

The field experiment was conducted at two farms at Jiusan in Heihe (the fourth accumulated temperature zone) and at Lindian County of Daqing (the second accumulated temperature zone), both sites located in Heilongjiang Province, China. With soybean Kenfeng 41 as the test material, uniconazole (S₃₃₀₇, 50 mg·L^-1) and 2-N, N- diethylamino ethyl caproate (DTA-6, 50 mg·L^-1) were sprayed on leaves in the early flowering period of soybean. Through grey correlation analysis, the main factors affecting soybean yield were examined, and the differences of the light and heat utilization efficiency and soybean yield in two ecological conditions were compared. The regulation effects of chemical control technology on the light and heat utilization efficiency of soybean were explored. The results showed that the total surface radiation and ≥10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature were the main factors affecting soybean yield in both areas compared with rainfall and sunshine hours. The light and heat utilization efficiency from sowing to flowering period was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation, and that from flowering to podding period was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation per plant. There was a significant positive correlation between yield and dry matter accumulation, grain number per plant, grain mass per plant and 100-grain mass at seedling stage to podding stage. S₃₃₀₇ and DTA-6 could significantly improve light and heat utilization efficiency and soybean yield in both areas. S₃₃₀₇ showed the better regulation function to impact the light and heat utilization efficiency and yield than DTA-6 in both sites. In the two ecological areas of Jiusan and Lindian, spraying S₃₃₀₇ increased light utilization efficiency by 13.6% and 17.1%, and increased heat utilization efficiency by 14.1% and 17.2%, respectively. The yield by spraying S₃₃₀₇ was increased by 14.1% and 17.3% separately in Jiusan and Lindian. Therefore, it is the effective way to enhance resources utilization and achieve high-yield by using the reasonable chemical control technology.