旅游景区低碳行为绩效及其驱动机制——以世界遗产地张家界为例

旅游景区低碳行为直接影响世界遗产地生态环境系统与社会经济系统协同有序发展.本研究构建了包括5个一级变量和38个二级变量的低碳行为绩效(LCBP)指标体系,系统评估世界自然遗产地张家界市的景区(点)低碳行为绩效;采用单因素方差分析方法和邦弗朗尼多重比较检验方法,比较不同等级景区(点)低碳行为绩效;通过冗余分析和Monte Carlo Permutation,提取能显著影响景区低碳行为绩效的关键驱动因子.结果表明: 研究区32个景区(点)的低碳行为表现总体良好(3.10);低碳设计、日常节能、节水管理、废弃物减量和低碳意识的绩效组均值分别为0.49、0.74、0.24、1.51、0.11;在所有被调查的景区中,黄龙洞景区低碳行为绩效独占鳌头(4.193),贺龙故居则排名垫底(2.400).5A、4A和3A景区(点)与非A景区(点)的低碳行为得分并未呈现显著的梯度差异,仅有11项指标存在显著差异.景区投资者、景区管理处、游客和地方政府的压力是景区低碳行为的主要驱动因素.

Low-carbon behavioral performance of scenic spots and the driving mechanism: A case study of Zhangjiajie World Heritage Site.

Low-carbon behavior of scenic spots has direct influence on coordinated and orderly development of eco-environment and socio-economic system in World Heritage Site. Five level-one indicators and 38 level-two indicators were respectively established to systematically measure the low-carbon behavioral performance (LCBP) of scenic spots in Zhangjiajie, the seat of “World Natural Heritage”. ANOVA and Bonferroni analysis were applied to compare the LCBP of scenic spots in different groups. The redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation were used to figure out the main driving factors that affect scenic area’s LCBP. Results showed that 32 scenic spots’ LCBP was excellent in general, with a weighted mean value of 3.10. The group mean of perfor-mance in low-carbon design, daily energy conservation, water saving management, waste reduction and low-carbon awareness was 0.49, 0.74, 0.24, 1.51 and 0.11, separately. Huanglong Cave performed the best (4.193) and He Long’s Former Residence performed the worst (2.400) in the 32 scenic spots. The scores of 5A, 4A and 3A or no A scenic spots showed no significant difference in most low-carbon behavior indicators, only 11 indicators reflected significant difference among diffe-rent groups. Pressures from investors, administration committee, tourists and local government were main driving factors for low-carbon behavior of scenic spots.