不同带长微喷带灌溉对麦田土壤水分分布和干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响

为了研究麦田用微喷带灌溉的适宜带长,2015—2016和2016—2017两年度以‘济麦22’为材料,设置了带宽80 mm微喷带下带长为60 m (T₁)、80 m (T₂)和100 m (T₃) 3个处理的试验,试验小区长度等于带长,试验小区内沿灌溉方向每20 m为一个取样区段,依次命名为A、B、C、D、E,分析不同带长微喷带灌溉对麦田土壤水分和干物质积累的影响.结果表明:1)两年度不同处理A区段拔节期、开花期灌水后0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量为T₁23,B区段为T₁、T₂3,C区段为T₁>T₂、T₃,D区段为T₂>T₃;各处理区段间土壤相对含水量的变异系数为T₁23.2)不同处理A、B区段小麦开花后20、30 d的叶面积指数和冠层光截获率、开花后干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量均无显著差异,C区段上述指标为T₁>T₂、T₃,D区段为T₂>T₃;不同处理开花后20、30 d叶面积指数、冠层光截获率及开花后干物质积累量为T₁>T₂>T₃,成熟期干物质积累量为T₁、T₂>T₃.3)不同处理A、B区段籽粒产量均无显著差异,C区段为T₁>T₂、T₃,D区段为T₂>T₃,整畦籽粒产量为T₁、T₂>T₃.4)两年度不同处理籽粒产量、水分利用效率为T₁、T₂>T₃,灌溉水利用效率为T₁>T₂>T₃.综合考虑籽粒产量和水分利用效率,本试验条件下带宽80 mm、带长60 m的处理(T₁)是节水高产的最优处理,带长为80 m的处理(T₂)是较优处理.研究结果可为山东省小麦利用微喷带进行节水高产灌溉提供理论依据.

Effects of micro-sprinkling hose irrigation with different hose lengths on soil water distribution,dry matter accumulation,and grain yield of wheat fields

To explore the optimal hose length of micro-sprinkling hose irrigation in wheat fields, a field trial taking JiMai 22 as test material was carried out in two growing seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017). Three lengths of micro-sprinkling hoses with 80-mm width were used, including 60 m (T₁), 80 m (T₂) and 100 m (T₃). The length of trial plot was equal to the hose length. The trial plots were divided to different sample sections every 20-m length along the irrigation direction, which were named as A, B, C, D and E sections, respectively, to examine the effects of micro-sprinkling hose irrigations with different hose lengths on soil water distribution, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of wheat fields. The results showed that: 1) After irrigation at the jointing and anthesis stages in the two growing seasons, the relative soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer showed T₁23 in the A section, T₁, T₂3 in the B section, T₁>T₂, T₃ in the C section and T₂>T₃ in the D section. The CV of relative soil water content in different sections in the same treatment showed T₁23. 2) Leaf area index and the rate of canopy photosynthesis active radiation interception at 20 d and 30 d after anthesis, and dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis and at the maturity stage had no significant differences in the A or B section among different treatments. Those indices showed T₁>T₂, T₃ in the C section and T₂>T₃ in the D section. Leaf area index and rate of canopy photosynthesis active radiation interception at 20 d and 30 d after anthesis and dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis showed T₁, T₂>T₃, and dry matter accumulation amount at the maturity stage showed T₁> T₂>T₃. 3) In the two growing seasons, grain yield in the A and B sections had no significant differences among different treatments, and that showed T₁>T₂, T₃ in the C section and T₂>T₃ in the D section. Grain yield of each treatment showed T₁, T₂>T₃. 4) The grain yield and water use efficiency showed T₁> T₂>T₃, and the irrigation water use efficiency showed T₁>T₂>T₃ among different treatments in the two growing seasons. Considering grain yield and water use efficiency, hose irrigation with micro-sprinkling hose at 80-mm width and 60-m length was optimal treatment for water-saving and high-yield irrigation, and the suboptimal length was 80 m under this condition. The results could provide theoretical basis for water-saving and high-yield irrigation with micro-sprinkling hose in wheat fields in Shandong Province.