扩展火用方法在区域生态经济驱动机制及效率研究中的应用

为分析区域生态退化的经济社会原因,针对以往扩展火用分析(EEA)应用以国家尺度为主,存在流通网络庞杂、规律辨识困难等问题,缩小空间尺度至县域,以宁夏彭阳为例,将生态经济系统划分为7个相互联系的部门,分别计算流通的物质、劳动力、资本的火用值,以分析驱动部门、要素和路径的扩展火用流特征并评价生态效率.结果表明: 彭阳县生态经济系统主要由农业和居民部门驱动,部门间31条流通路径平均扩展火用流值为0.80 PJ,高于该值的仅有8条流通路径,主要通过“居民部门劳动力输出和其他部门支持居民部门需求”两条连续路径驱动发展.矿产资源开采规模大,但直接输出区域外,无法从内部推动县域发展,反而由于资源开采加重了生态环境压力.县域2014年生态效率为68.1%,相当于10年前国内外国家尺度的中间水平,主要由服务和居民部门效率低造成.扩展火用分析有网络化、结构化的优势,可明确部门、要素和路径,突破驱动机制研究的“瓶颈”,对探究区域生态经济系统运行原理和选择优化模式具有一定适应性.区域尺度较国家大空间尺度分析更易识别生态经济系统驱动机制,能够明确指导区域管理部门改善生态环境压力.

Application of extended exergy method in driving mechanism and efficiency of regional eco-economy

To analyze social-economic causes of the regional ecological degradation, and avoid such problems as the complex circulation network and difficulty to identify laws caused by extended exergy analysis (EEA) previously applied at the national scale, this paper reduced spatial scale to the county scale and took Pengyang County in Ningxia as an example. Eco-economic system in Peng-yang County was divided into seven interrelated sectors. The exergy value of circulations in the eco-economic system including materials, labor and capital were calculated respectively to analyze the extended exergy characteristics of the driving sectors, factors and paths and evaluate their ecological efficiency. The results showed that agriculture and households were the main driving sectors of the eco-economic system in Pengyang County. The average exergy value of 31 flow paths among the sectors was 0.80 PJ. There were only 8 flow paths whose exergy values were higher than the average value. Eco-economic system in Pengyang County development was driven by two continuous flow paths, labor output of the households sector and demands of the households sector supported by other sectors. The mineral resources were massively exploited, and then directly exported to the outside, which could not promote the local development from the inside, but, on the contrary, increase the ecological environment pressure because of the over-exploitation. The eco-efficiency of Pengyang County in 2014 was 68.1%, almost equivalent to the by-level of the national scale at home and abroad ten years ago, mainly because of the lower eco-efficiencies of the service sector and households sector. EEA had the advantage of networking and structuring, could specify the sectors, factors and driven paths, and break through the bottleneck of driving mechanism research of the eco-economic system. EEA had certain adaptability to explore the operational principle and optimal pattern of the regional eco-economic system. Compared with the national scale, EEA at the regional scale could more easily identify the driving mechanism of eco-economic system, and could clearly guide the regional administrative department to reduce the ecological environment pressure.