福建省自然保护区生态网络的构建与优化

自然保护区对维护物种多样性具有重要意义,但城市化的快速发展造成自然保护区不断被蚕食和破坏,保护区日益破碎,生物多样性不断减少.构建生态网络能够有效连接破碎生境,为物种保护提供空间保障.本文基于ArcGIS软件平台,在确定源地斑块和景观阻力面的基础上,采用最小耗费距离模型构建福建省自然保护区潜在生态网络,并基于连通性指数和重力模型对构建网络前后的连通性和廊道重要性进行定量分析和评价,最后提出生态网络优化的措施和对策.结果表明: 林地、草地、湿地是研究区潜在廊道的重要景观构成类型;面积大的生境斑块在网络中的重要性较高;构建网络后,景观整体连通性指数和可能连通性指数显著提高;不同斑块间的相互作用强度差异很大,但相互作用力大的斑块间的廊道在生态网络中的重要性程度较高.本研究结果可为福建省自然保护和规划提供科学参考和依据.

Construction and optimization of ecological network for nature reserves in Fujian Province,China

The nature reserve is very important to biodiversity maintenance. However, due to the urbanization, the nature reserve has been fragmented with reduction in area, leading to the loss of species diversity. Establishing ecological network can effectively connect the fragmented habitats and plays an important role in species conversation. In this paper, based on deciding habitat patches and the landscape cost surface in ArcGIS, a minimum cumulative resistance model was used to simulate the potential ecological network of Fujian provincial nature reserves. The connectivity and importance of network were analyzed and evaluated based on comparison of connectivity indices (including the integral index of connectivity and probability of connectivity) and gravity model both before and after the potential ecological network construction. The optimum ecological network optimization measures were proposed. The result demonstrated that woodlands, grasslands and wetlands together made up the important part of the nature reserve ecological network. The habitats with large area had a higher degree of importance in the network. After constructing the network, the connectivity level was significantly improved. Although interaction strength between different patches va-ried greatly, the corridors between patches with large interaction were very important. The research could provide scientific reference and basis for nature protection and planning in Fujian Province.