黄土高原不同生态治理小流域土壤有机质、容重及黏粒含量的对比

为探讨不同生态治理小流域土壤性质的差异,本研究分别从坡向、坡位、区段和土层4个方面分析了人工刺槐林流域杨家沟(YJG)与封禁荒草地流域董庄沟(DZG)土壤有机质(SOM)、土壤容重(BD)和黏粒含量(CC)的空间分异.结果表明: YJG与DZG的SOM、BD、CC分别为12.78 g·kg^-1、1.24 g·cm^-3、19.2%与11.13 g·kg^-1、1.21 g·cm^-3、18.2%,前者均略高,但差异不显著.各指标均为东坡大于西坡;SOM和CC顺坡向下有增加趋势,BD变异最小;SOM由上游至下游呈增大趋势,BD和CC不断减小;由土表向下至60 cm土深,BD和CC不断增大,SOM不断减小.各指标的空间敏感性依次为CC＞SOM＞BD,空间因素的影响效用依次为土层＞区段＞坡向＞坡位.上游CC、中游BD和CC在两流域间的差异显著,各指标对坡位、区段、土层的敏感性均为YJG＜DZG.

Comparison of soil organic matter,bulk density and clay content in small watersheds under different ecological managements of Loess Plateau,China.

To explore the effects of small watersheds with different ecological managements on soil properties, the spatial differences of soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), and clay content (CC) in the four facets, including slope aspect, slope position, zone, and soil layer, were analyzed between Yangjiagou (YJG, artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest watershed) and Dongzhuanggou (DZG, closed grassland watershed). The results showed that SOM, BD and CC were 12.78 g·kg^-1, 1.24 g·cm^-3, 19.2% for YJG and 11.13 g·kg^-1, 1.21 g·cm^-3, 18.2% for DZG, respectively. The values for YJG were slightly higher than those for DZG, but the difference was insignificant. All indices in the east slope were bigger than those in the west slope. Across different slope positions, the variation of BD was small, SOM and CC showed increasing trends from top to bottom. BD and CC declined downward the watershed, whereas SOM changed in an opposite trend. From the soil surface down to 60 cm soil depth, BD and CC increased and SOM decreased. The spatial sensitivity followed CC > SOM > BD, and the effects of the spatial factors can be ordered as soil layer > zone > slope aspect > slope position. There were significant differences in CC of the upper reaches, BD and CC of the middle reaches between the two basins. The sensitivity of each index to slope position, zone and soil layer in YJG was lower than that in DZG.