7个香蕉品种对枯萎病的抗性评价及3种评价方法的对比

目的] 评价香蕉自主选育品种对枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）热带4号小种（tropical race 4， Foc TR4）的抗性。方法] 以浸根法和2种灌注法将Foc TR4接种于不同抗性的香蕉品种上，分析接种后香蕉的发病情况，比较筛选这3种评价方法，并评价7个香蕉品种的苗期和田间抗性水平。结果] 采用浓度为2×10⁵ 个·mL^-1的PDB培养基Foc TR4孢子悬浮液灌注法进行香蕉苗期抗性评价更为高效可行；综合苗期和田间抗性评价结果，7个香蕉品种的抗性由高到低为：南天黄>红研3号>红研5号>红研2号>滇蕉1号>巴西蕉>红研1号。结论] 以南天黄作为高抗品种对照，以巴西蕉作为高感品种对照条件下，红研3号和红研5号抗性为中等抗性偏强，红研2号达到中抗水平，滇蕉1号为感病，红研1号为高度感病。

Evaluation of Fusarium wilt resistance in seven banana varieties and comparison of three evaluation methods

Aim] To accurately evaluate the resistance of banana varieties to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). Method] Foc TR4 was inoculated into different resistant banana varieties using the dip-root method and two kinds of root filling methods. The severity of banana disease after inoculation was analyzed to compare the screening evaluation method. The resistance levels of the seven banana varieties at the seedling and field stages were dassessed. Result] It is more efficient and feasible to evaluate the resistance of banana seedling using the suspension perfusion method with PDB medium containing a Foc TR4 spore concentration of 2×10⁵ spores·mL^-1. Based on the results of resistance evaluation at the seedling and field stages, the resistance of seven banana varieties from high to low was as follows: Nantianhuang > Hongyan 3 > Hongyan 5 > Hongyan 2 > Dianjiao 1 > Baxijiao > Hongyan 1. Conclusion] Under the control condition of Nantianhuang as high resistant variety and Baxijiao as high sensitive variety. The resistance evaluation of Hongyan 3 and Hongyan 5 was medium to strong, Hongyan 2 reached the level of medium resistance, Dianjiao 1 is a susceptible variety, Hongyan 1 were highly susceptible.