Global diversity of spelaeogriphaceans & thermosbaenaceans (Crustacea; Spelaeogriphacea & Thermosbaenacea) in freshwater |
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Authors: | D Jaume |
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Institution: | (1) IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, c/Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, Illes Balears, 07190, Spain |
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Abstract: | Spelaeogriphaceans and thermosbaenaceans are two orders of eyeless, unpigmented peracarid crustaceans represented by very
few species from subterranean waters. Spelaeogriphaceans occur only in continental waters, either running or still, in limestone
or sandstone caves, or in calcrete aquifers. The four species known are limnic except one occurring in slightly brackish water
loosely associated with an endorheic basin. The Thermosbaenacea are primarily marine, with only 18 species recorded in limnic
conditions or in brackish inland waters whose salinity does not derive from dilution of seawater. They occur in limestone
caves, the interstitial medium associated to alluvial deposits, or in thermo-mineral springs. Spelaeogriphaceans are found
on the southern continents, in ancient cratons not affected by sea transgressions at least since the Early Cretaceous, when
Gondwana started to break-up. The former integration of these terranes into Gondwana suggests that the penetration of spelaeogriphaceans
in continental waters took place previous to the fragmentation of this super continent (starting ca. 140 Ma), and that their
current distribution pattern was driven by continental drift. The distribution of the Thermosbaenacea matches precisely the
area covered by the ancient Tethys Sea or its coastlines. They are most probably relicts of a once widespread shallow-water
marine Tethyan fauna stranded in interstitial or crevicular groundwater during marine regressions.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Lévêque, H. Segers & K. Martens
Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment |
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Keywords: | Freshwater Global assessment Species richness Peracarida Crustacea |
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