环境光照对东方田鼠自主活动等行为的影响

目的了解不同环境光照对东方田鼠行为的影响,为制订东方田鼠环境标准提供依据。方法利用动物行为观察装置,观察三组东方田鼠在不同环境光照条件下的自主活动、玩耍、摄食、饮水等行为表现并进行定量测定和分析。结果 24 h黑暗（24D）组的东方田鼠自主活动总数最多,而24 h光照（24L）组则最少,12L/12D组跟24D组接近：无论是24L,还是24D处理,动物的相对活动没有明显的节律性,但在12L/12D条件下,动物活动节律随着光照处理而变化,呈现其一定的节律性。玩耍行为12L/12D组最多,但24D组动物玩耍行为比24L组多;当24L处理时,动物很少处于中央格,而24D处理和12L/12D处理时,动物有不同程度穿梭中央格,其中12L/12D处理时,动物穿梭次数最多;摄食与饮水次数12L/12D组次数最多,24L组次数最少。结论室内有规律的环境光照处理,可改变东方田鼠固有的依季节变化的行为规律,产生实验室控制的光周期应答行为,并表明12L/12D环境光照比24L和24D环境光照对东方田鼠造成的生活压力要小。

Changes of locomotor,drinking and play behaviors of Microtus fortis under different environment lighting

Objective To collect the data of various behaviors of Microtus fortis under different environment lighting stimulation and provide the basis for formulating the environmental control standard in their breeding. Methods Three groups of Microtus fortis were observed using the special apparatus for animal behavior observation under different environment lighting stimulation. Results The locomotor activity was most frequent in the 24-horu dark（ 24D） group and least frequent in the 24-hour light（ 24L） group,and was close between the 12L /12D and 24D groups. No obvious and distinct rhythmicity of locomotor activity was found in the 24L and 24D groups. In the 12L /12D group,the locomoter activity appeared quite regular and was increased with the time of lighting. For the behavior of playing,the 12L /12D group was several times as much as in the other two groups and in the 24D group was more than that in the 24L group. The voles were very few in the center under condition of 24L. But animals were shuttled to the central in 24D and 12L /12D lighting. The 12L /12D group had the most number of feeding and drinking while the 24L group had the least number. Conclusions Indoor regular environmental light treatment can change the inherent behavior rule of seasonal variation of Microtus fortis. 12L /12D lighting is the most suitable light environment comparative behaviors with the other groups for Microtus fortis.