松科早期球果研究的历史与现状

本文主要对早白垩世到老第三纪渐新世这段时间的松科化石球果的研究作了系统回顾和总结。松科化石球果的研究经历了一个由分散、幼稚到系统、成熟的发展过程，现在将松科化石球果分为三个属：Ｐｉｔｙｏｓｔｒｏｂｕｓ、Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｒａｕｃａｒｉａ及Ｐｉｎｕｓ。其中Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｒａｕｃａｒｉａ及Ｐｉｎｕｓ为两个自然属，Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｒａｕｃａｒｉａ已经绝灭。Ｐｉｔｙｏｓｔｒｏｂｕｓ作为一个器官属，包括那些在松科中分类位置不明的球果。对松科化石球果进行细致的外部形态及内部结构的研究主要目的在于演化关系的探讨上：对于Ｐｉｎｕｓ，主要探讨这个属内各个亚属、组、亚组之间的演化关系；对于Ｐｉｔｙｏｓｔｒｏｂｕｓ和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｒａｕｃａｒｉａ，通过绝灭类型的分析，探索松科内各个类群（包括绝灭的）的演化关系进而完成进化树是研究的主要方向，现在这方面已有了Ｐｉｎｕｓ中心说及Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｒａｕｃａｒｉａ分支说两个假说。

REVIEW ON THE RESEARCH OF THE EARLY FOSSIL PINACEOUS CONE

In this article the research of pinaceous fossil cones from the Creaceous to the Oligocene in the Tertiary is reviewed and summarized systematically. This research has undergone a process from scattered and naive to systematic and mature period.Now,pinaceous fossil cones are divided into three genera:Pityostrobus,Pseudoaraucaria and Pinus. Pseudoaraucaria and Pinus are natural genera and Pseudoarancaria is extinct. Pityostrobus is an artificial genus including those cones of indefinite affinity. The main purpose of careful observations on external appearance and internal anatomy is to throw light on the evolution of the modern family Pinaceae:To Pinus,attention is paid to the relation of different subgenera,sections and subsections;to Pseudoaraucaria and Pityostrobus,through analysis of the extinct types,trying to clear the evolution relations among all genera (including those extinct) so as to finish the systematic tree is of most importance. Currently there are two hypotheses, i.e. Pinus center theory and Pseudoarancaria branch theory.