雌性哺乳动物生殖干细胞：在争议中前进

100多年以来，雌性哺乳动物出生后是否存在生殖干细胞的争议尚无定论．2004年，研究人员从出生后的小鼠卵巢中发现并分离到雌性生殖干细胞(female germline stem cells，FGSCs)，挑战了存在近半个世纪的理论：哺乳动物出生后不会对卵母细胞库进行更新．随后很多研究不仅指出哺乳动物出生后卵巢中新生成的卵母细胞源自FGSCs，而且发现如果将FGSCs移植回受体卵巢，它们能够产生功能性的卵母细胞并由此得到健康的后代．可是，有的研究小组重复实验或者精心设计实验，却未得到相同的结果，甚至得出相反的结果．最近，有研究者从育龄女性卵巢中分离到了在体内外都能够分化出功能性卵母细胞的FGSCs，不过这些卵母细胞的受精能力还有待证实．本文回顾了哺乳动物FGSCs的研究历程，并对这一存在已久的争论以及FGSCs研究方向和将来的运用前景展开了评述．

Germline Stem Cells in Female Mammals: Moving on in Controversy

Whether germline stem cells exist in postnatal female mammal ovaries has been disputed for more than one hundred years and not conclusive yet. In 2004, researchers found and isolated female germline stem cells (FGSCs) from postnatal mice, which challenged the viewpoint of existing nearly half a century that the bank of oocytes in ovaries will be never renewed in postnatal mammal female. And then a lot of researches not only pointed out that the de novo oocytes derived from FGSCs, but also found that if the FGSCs were delivered back into adult ovaries, they were capable of generating functional eggs produced healthy offsprings. However, some groups repeated or designed experiments carefully, but they did not get the same or even opposite results. Recently, some researchers announced that they had purified FGSCs from ovaries of reproductive-age women, which could produce functional oocytes in vivo and in vitro, but the fertilization competency of these oocytes still need to be clarified. Therefore, this paper reviews the study history of mammalian FGSCs, the long-standing controversy as well as prospects for the future use of these FGSCs.