Antioxidant defense responses: physiological plasticity in higher plants under abiotic constraints |
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| Authors: | Cheruth Abdul Jaleel Ksouri Riadh Ragupathi Gopi Paramasivam Manivannan Jallali Inès Hameed Jasim Al-Juburi Zhao Chang-Xing Shao Hong-Bo Rajaram Panneerselvam |
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| Institution: | 1.Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botany,Annamalai University,Annamalai Nagar,India;2.DMJM International (Cansult Maunsell/AECOM Ltd), Consultant of Gardens Sector Projects,Alain Municipality and Eastern Emirates,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates;3.Laboratoire d’Adaptation des Plantes aux Stress Abiotiques,Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC),Hammam-Lif,Tunisia;4.College of Plant Science and Technology,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,China;5.Binzhou University,Binzhou,China;6.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Centre of Soil and Water Conservation and Eco-Environmental Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Yangling,China;7.Institute for Life Sciences,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,China |
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| Abstract: | Environmental stresses (salinity, drought, heat/cold, light and other hostile conditions) may trigger in plants oxidative
stress, generating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These species are partially reduced or activated derivatives
of oxygen, comprising both free radical  and non-radical (H2O2) forms, leading to cellular damage, metabolic disorders and senescence processes. In order to overcome oxidative stress,
plants have developed two main antioxidants defense mechanisms that can be classified as non-enzymatic and enzymatic systems.
The first class (non-enzymatic) consists of small molecules such as vitamin (A, C and E), glutathione, carotenoids and phenolics
that can react directly with the ROS by scavenging them. Second class is represented by enzymes among them superoxide dismutase,
peroxidase and catalase which have the capacity to eliminate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. In this review, we have tried
to explore the related works, which have revealed the changes in the basic antioxidant metabolism of plants under various
abiotic constraints. |
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| Keywords: | Antioxidant defense Abiotic constraints Enzymes Reactive oxygen species Vitamins Glutathione Phenolics |
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