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Mesenchymal stem cells as anti-inflammatories: Implications for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
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| Authors: | Thomas E. Ichim Fabio Solano Rosalia De Necochea Campion Erik J. Woods Constantin A. Dasanu Annette M. Marleau Neil H. Riordan |
| Affiliation: | a Medistem Inc., San Diego, CA, USA b Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC, USA c Institute for Cellular Medicine, Panama City, Panama d University of California, San Diego, CA, USA e Hospital CIMA, San Jose, Costa Rica f General Biotechnology, Indianapolis, IN, USA g Division of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA h Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA i Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA j Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA k School of Biology and Neuroscience Research Program, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica |
| Abstract: | Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-linked musculodegenerative condition consisting of an underlying genetic defect whose manifestation is augmented by inflammatory mechanisms. Previous treatment approaches using gene replacement, exon-skipping or allogeneic cell therapy have been relatively unsuccessful. The only intervention to mediate improvement in survival, albeit minor, is glucocorticoid treatment. Given this modality appears to function via suppression of underlying inflammation; we focus this review on the inflammatory response as a target for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. In contrast to other cell based therapies attempted in DMD, MSC have the advantages of (a) ability to fuse with and genetically complement dystrophic muscle; (b) possess anti-inflammatory activities; and (c) produce trophic factors that may augment activity of endogenous repair cells. We conclude by describing one practical scenario of stem cell therapy for DMD. |
| Keywords: | Duchenne muscular dystrophy Endometrial regenerative cells Mesenchymal stem cells Regenerative medicine Cord blood stem cells T regulatory cells Inflammation Immune modulation Stem cell therapy |
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