The plasticity of fungal interactions |
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| Authors: | Marta Wrzosek Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska Katarzyna Sikora Marta Damszel Zbigniew Sierota |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre,University of Warsaw,Warsaw,Poland;2.Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection,University of ?ód?,?ód?,Poland;3.Department of Forest Protection,Forest Research Institute,Raszyn,Poland;4.Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture,University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,Olsztyn,Poland;5.Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture,University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,Olsztyn,Poland |
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| Abstract: | Their hyphal structure, the common events of hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, as well as intimate associations with prokaryotes (including endobiotic bacteria) and cooperation with eukaryotes have made fungi very flexible at the genetic, physiological, and ecological levels. It is manifested with the fungal ability to perfectly exploit existing nutrient sources and plastically fit into a changing environment. Although the links between fungi and other ecosystem components are rarely clearly visible and unambiguous, fungi can be ecosystem buffers playing a homeostatic role throughout global ecosystems, reacting to changes in various ways, not only by modifications of gene expression but also by nuclear status and “extended phenotype”. The goal of this review is to underline some ecological interactions involving fungi and other organisms and to indicate high fungal plasticity in terms of ontogenetic perspective. |
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