Human-induced tachycardia in wild and tame mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) |
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| Institution: | 1. Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;;2. Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom;1. Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040, Belgrade, Serbia;2. Independent Researcher, 06500, Ankara, Turkey;3. Faculty of Security Studies, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola, Skopje, Macedonia;1. College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China;2. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China;1. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA;2. University of Central Florida, USA;1. College of Business Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, 121 Zhangjialukou, Huaxiang Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China;2. Business School, University of International Business and Economics, 10 Huixin East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | - 1.1. The effect of regular handling on fear reactions was investigated in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) by exposing six hand-reared and four wild ducks to an approaching human being and recording heart rates with an external ECG device.
- 2.2. All ducks reacted to the approach with tachycardia, but the response was significantly less in tame birds.
- 3.3. Hand-reared females showed less response than males. No sex-linked differences were apparent in the wild ducks.
- 4.4. Decreasing responses throughout the experiments were only found in tame birds.
- 5.5. Fear or stress reactions can apparently be diminished through habituation induced by regular handling.
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