林带疏透度数字化测度方法的改进及其应用研究

在大量野外调查基础上,用数码相机拍摄林带相片,采用CIAS软件测定林带疏透度,对已有“数字图像处理法”进行了改进,并对疏透度的变化规律进行了深入研究。结果表明,用改进的数字化方法测定林带的疏透度,比用光学相机所进行的“数字图像处理法”精度高,更经济,简捷;林带疏透度β与相对枝下高x(枝下高／林带平均高）的关系无叶期可表达为β＝1.0681x^0.4304(r=0.9763,r0.01=0.4073);有叶期可表达为β＝0。672^0.469(=0.9851,0.01=0.4073)(0≤β≤1）;β随着林龄α呈抛物线式变化,β＝0.0009α^2-0.0364α 0.6828(0≤β≤1);提出的林带断面疏透度β0是定量反映林带断面结构的定量评价指标,同时可作为评价林带结构的辅助指标;提出混交林带的疏透度计算式β＝（β1n1 β2n2)/(n1 n2);在相同配置不同树种的纯杨,柳,榆林带结构以杨树林带结构较好,柳树林带结构次之,疏透度值βPPP＜βSSS＜βUUU;在树种相同,配置不同时,品字形优于矩形;杨柳榆的混交林带中杨榆株间,杨柳对称式行间SPPS混交方式结构防护效果较好。

Improvement and application of digitized measure on shelterbelt porosity

Based on the lots of investigation on farmland shelterbelts, we used digital camera to take pictures of shelterbelt and apply CIAS software to improve "digital image processing" for determining shelterbelt porosity so as to thoroughly analyze the rule of porosity in farmland shelterbelts. Compared with the old digital image processing, the improved method possesses high accuracy, and it is more economical and more convenient to apply. The relationship between porosity of shelterbelts (beta) and relative clear bole height (x) can be expressed as beta = 0.672x0.469 (r = 0.9851, r0.01 = 0.4073, 0 < or = beta < or = 1) in the leaf period; and beta = 1.0681x0.4304 (r = 0.9763, r0.01 = 0.4073, 0 < or = beta < or = 1) in the defoliation period. beta varies with the stand age (a), taking the form of parabola, which can be expressed as beta = 0.0009a2 - 0.0364a + 0.6828 (0 < or = beta < or = 1). Porosity at cross-section of shelterbelt can be used as an auxiliary index to evaluate the structure of belts. The calculation method of shelterbelt porosity of mixed shelterbelt can be expressed as beta = (beta 1n1 + beta 2n2)/(n1 + n2). Among the popular, willow and elm pure shelterbelts with same disposition, popular shelterbelt structure is the best, with beta PPP < beta SSS < beta UUU, while the triangle disposition is better than the rectangle one among the same tree species. UPPU and SPPS of mixed structure have the optimal effect in popular-willow-elm mixed shelterbelts.