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Enantioseparation of citalopram enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: Method development through experimental design and computational modeling
Authors:Monica Bud?u  Gabriel Hancu  Daniela Lucia Muntean  Lajos Attila Papp  Anca Gabriela Cârje  Vladimir Garaj
Institution:1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science and Technology of Tîrgu Mure?, Tîrgu Mure?, Romania;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science and Technology of Tîrgu Mure?, Tîrgu Mure?, Romania;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
Abstract:Citalopram (CIT) is a frequently used modern antidepressant that inhibits selectively serotonin reuptake in the brain. It has a chiral center in its structure and is used in therapy as both racemic mixture and pure enantiomer as its pharmacological effect is almost entirely associated with S-CIT. The aim of this study was the development of a simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the separation and quantification of CIT enantiomers. To establish the optimum chiral selector, several native and derivatized, neutral, and ionized cyclodextrins (CDs) were examined at different pH levels. An experimental design strategy was adopted for method optimization; a fractional factorial design was applied for screening purposes to identify significant experimental factors followed by a face-centered central composite design used for optimization purposes. Computational modeling was used to obtain information on the interaction energy and the geometry of the complexes to aid in the understanding of chiral separation mechanism. The best results were obtained when using a 25-mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, 3-mM CM-β-CD as chiral selector, 17.5°C temperature, 15-kV voltage, and 50 mbar/s hydrodynamic injection. The separation time was fast, below 3 min, and the migration order was S-CIT followed by R-CIT. The analytical performance of the method was verified in terms of precision, linearity, accuracy, sensibility, and robustness, and the method was applied for the determination of CIT enantiomers from pharmaceutical preparations.
Keywords:capillary electrophoresis  chiral separation  citalopram  computational modeling  experimental design
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